{"id":4080,"date":"2025-09-02T10:53:10","date_gmt":"2025-09-02T10:53:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tribchem.it\/?page_id=4080"},"modified":"2025-12-16T09:47:44","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T09:47:44","slug":"highlights_temp","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tribchem.it\/?page_id=4080","title":{"rendered":"Highlights"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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The ERC project SLIDE has been completed<\/h5>

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The ERC project \u201cAdvancing Solid Interfaces and Lubricants by First Principles Materials Design\u201d
(SLIDE<\/a>) concluded in October 2025. Thanks to the pioneering use of machine-learning potentials and high-throughput calculations in tribology, SLIDE has advanced the fundamental understanding of solid interfaces and enabled the design of new materials to reduce friction.<\/p>

Over the course of the project, more than 60 publications<\/a> were produced, including three articles in Advanced Materials, one in Advanced Functional Materials, two in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, seven in Carbon, one in Nano Energy, one in Journal of Energy Chemistry and one in Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. These results were presented in more than 30 invited talks<\/a> at international conferences, including the Gordon Research Conference, IUPAC, STLE, and the World Tribology Congress.<\/p>

These five years have been a period of intense work, and I would like to thank all those who participated in this adventure, particularly the youngest collaborators who contributed greatly to the success of the project.<\/p>

– Clelia Righi<\/em><\/span><\/p>

Publication in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces<\/h5>

The article Passivation Species Suppress Atom-by-Atom Wear of Microcrystalline Diamond<\/a> C. Leriche, E. Pedretti, O. Sahin, D. Kang, M.C. Righi, B. Weber has been published in 2025<\/p>

\"\"<\/p>

Despite its extreme hardness, (synthetic) diamond undergoes wear, but identifying the underlying mechanisms in macroscopic interfaces has long remained an open challenge. By combining a topography difference method based on atomic force microscopy imaging with machine\u2011learning molecular dynamics simulations, we show that diamond wears atom by atom and that this process is significantly accelerated in the absence of passivating species in the environment. This confirms previous predictions by our group thereby validating the power of ab initio simulations for uncovering the origin of friction and wear even in macro-scale systems.<\/p>

– Clelia Righi<\/cite><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>

Publication on Advanced Materials<\/span><\/h5>

\"\"<\/p>

Perspectives of 2D MXene Tribology<\/a> have been published in 2022 on Advanced Materials by A. Rosencratz, M. C. Righi, A. Sumant, B. Anasori and V. Mochalin.<\/span><\/p>

Discovered a little more than a decade ago, Mxenes – a family of 2D early transition metal carbides and nitrides, have already demonstrated outstanding potential in various applications ranging from energy storage to medicine. Our group has started exploring their potentialities in tribology and suggested possible future studies based on a computation approach.<\/p>

– Clelia Righi<\/cite><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>

Workshop on Molecular Mechanisms of Tribochemistry and Lubrication<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h5>
\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/figure>

M. Clelia Righi organized a Workshop<\/strong><\/a> with Chris Lorenz (King’s College, London) and Eddy Tysoe (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee) about the Molecular Mechanisms of Tribochemistry and Lubrication<\/em> at the CECAM Headquarters at Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Switzerland, from 27 to 29 January 2020. World experts in this field, both theorists and experimentalists, will participate to discuss new strategies in designing materials and systems to overcome today’s challenges in tribology. The objectives of this event are to find the best possible computational strategies to face complex tribological problems, to shed light on the fundamental aspects of the tribochemical reactions such as the effect of load, shear stress, confinement, and better understand how to control molecular-level mechanisms of friction and wear.<\/p>

Publication on Physical Review Letters<\/a><\/span><\/h5>
\"\"<\/span><\/figure>

Michael Wolloch, Clelia Righi and Paolo Restuccia<\/span><\/p>

The study Interfacial Charge Density and Its Connection to Adhesion and Frictional Forces<\/a> was published on Physical Review Letters<\/strong> in 2018. The connection between tribological and electronic properties of interfaces has become clear with the contribution of the Unimore researchers Michael Wolloch, Paolo Restuccia, Giacomo Levita and M. Clelia Righi.<\/p>

Friction is a very common phenomenon, from nanotechnologies to earthquakes, and it is well studied since Leonardo da Vinci. However, the fundamental origin of friction is still not completely understood.<\/p>

Through computer simulations, we demonstrated that adhesive friction depends on how interfacial charge redistributes while the two surfaces slide against each other.<\/p>

– Clelia Righi<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>

Full article (in Italian)<\/a><\/span><\/p>

Collaboration with Total<\/a><\/span><\/h5>
\"\"<\/span>

\u00a0<\/p>

Kick-off meeting, 2018<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

M. Clelia Righi collaborates with Total S.A. <\/strong>for the computational design of lubricant additives since 2012. The objectives of the last research project, started in 2017, have been presented during a “Kick-off meeting<\/strong>” at Unimore, which was attended by the Rector Prof. A. Andrisano, and Total managers.<\/p>

The project with Total focuses on a lubricant additive based on molybdenum and sulfur, which is commonly used in car engines. The objective is to understand the chemical reactions activated by mechanical stresses which lead to the formation of friction-reducing tribofilms.<\/p>

– Clelia Righi<\/cite><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>

Full article (in Italian)<\/a><\/span><\/p>

Dossier – local press (in Italian)<\/a><\/span><\/p>

Publication on Physical Review Letters<\/a><\/span><\/h5>
\"\"<\/span>

\u00a0<\/p>

Tribochemical reactions of water molecules at diamond interface<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

In Load-induced confinement activates diamond lubrication by water<\/a>, an article published by G. Zilibotti, S. Corni and M. C. Righi on Physical Review Letters in 2013, the first ab initio <\/em>molecular dynamics simulations of a sliding interfaces have been described.<\/p>

Tribochemical reactions are chemical processes, usually involving lubricant or environment molecules, activated at the interface between two solids in relative motion. They are difficult to be monitored\u00a0in situ, which leaves a gap in the atomistic understanding required for their control. Here we report the real-time atomistic description of the tribochemical reactions occurring at the interface between two diamond films in relative motion, by means of large scale\u00a0ab initio\u00a0molecular dynamics.<\/p>

– Clelia Righi<\/cite><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>

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Publication on Advanced Materials<\/h5>\n

The article The Promise of Solid Lubricants for a Sustainable Future<\/a><\/span> by P. G.Gr\u00fctzmacher, A. A.Voevodin, A. Kor\u00e9nyi-Both, M. C. Righi, C. Della Corte, A. Erdemir, and C. Gachot\nhas been published on Advanced Materials in 2025.<\/p>\n\"\"\n

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Lubricants are increasingly vital for modern technology, saving energy and materials by reducing friction and extending device lifetimes. However, most liquid lubricants rely on fossil resources, prompting interest in solid lubricants as a greener alternative. Solid lubricants offer very low friction, work in extreme conditions, and may reduce environmental impact. This review examines their current status and future potential, asking whether they can replace liquids in some applications or remain limited to harsh conditions.<\/p>\n– Clelia Righi<\/cite><\/span><\/blockquote>\n\n

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Release of SCS<\/h5>\n\"\"\n

We\u2019re excited to announce the release of SCS (Strategic Configuration Sampling) on GitLab: SCS GitLab Repository<\/a>!<\/span><\/p>\n

The paper by A. Pacini, M. Ferrario, and M. C. Righi, Accelerating Data Set Population for Training Machine Learning Potentials with Automated System Generation and Strategic Sampling<\/a><\/span> has been published on Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation in 2025.<\/p>\n\n

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SCS is an open-source framework for automating the active learning of machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs), developed within the ERC SLIDE Project. It builds system-specific datasets through iteratively modular workflows, dynamic structure generation and uncertainty-based sampling. SCS is fully open-source, and it interfaces with several widely adopted packages including MACE, DeePMD-kit, LAMMPS, ASE, and Quantum ESPRESSO.<\/p>\n– Clelia Righi<\/cite><\/span><\/blockquote>\n\n

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Publication on ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces<\/span><\/h5>\n
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The article High throughput first principles prediction of interfacial adhesion energies in metal-on-metal contacts<\/a> by P. Restuccia, G. Losi, O. Chehami, M. Marsili, and M.C. Righi has been published on ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2023.<\/p>\n\n

The adhesion of two surface in contact is a key quantity in a variety of fields, ranging from geology to nanotechnology. Despite its importance, no systematic, accurate determination is available. We applied TRIBCHEM, an advanced software developed by our group for first-principles, high-throughput calculations, to populate a database for the adhesion of metal interfaces. The calculated values can be used as input parameters for macroscopic models and allowed us to benchmark and improve empirical relations that link interfacial adhesion to the surface energies of its constituents.<\/span><\/blockquote>\n\n
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Publication of three articles on Carbon<\/span><\/h5>\n\"\"\n

The articles Aromatic molecules as sustainable lubricants explored by ab initio simulations<\/a>, “Adhesion, Friction and Tribochemical reactions at the Diamond-Silica Interface<\/em>“, and “Ab initio insights into the interaction mechanisms between H2, H2O, and O2 molecules with diamond surfaces<\/em>” have been accepted in 2022 for publication in Carbon, a journal in the field of carbon materials, including low-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures.<\/p>\n\n

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The published results demonstrate that realistic and accurate in silico experiments are feasible nowadays exploiting HPC resources and HPC-optimized software, paving the way to a more general understanding of the relationship between materials functioning and atomistic properties.<\/p>\n– Clelia Righi<\/cite><\/span><\/blockquote>\n\n

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Interview on national TV news “Leonardo”<\/span><\/a><\/h5>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n

M. Clelia Righi presented the objectives of the SLIDE ERC project on “Leonardo”, an Italian TV show on the RAI 3 channel focusing on news in the field of science, technology and innovation. The interview, in Italian, can be watched at this link<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\nThanks to news reporter Elena Cestino<\/a><\/span> and the editorial staff of the “TGR Leonardo” show for the interview.<\/span>\n\n

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Publication on ACS Nano<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h5>\n
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Microscopic tip on graphene<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Altering the Properties of Graphene on Cu(111) by Intercalation of Potassium Bromide<\/a> is a study published on the journal ACS Nano<\/strong> in 2019 by Prof. M. Clelia Righi and Dr. Paolo Restuccia in collaboration with the University of Basel.<\/p>\n\n

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Interaction of graphene with a metallic substrate negatively affects the optical properties of graphene.<\/p>\n

Our simulations, based on the experimental observations obtained at the University of Basel, reveal that potassium bromide is able to decouple graphene and the metal substrate, and preserve the remarkable properties of graphene.<\/p>\n– Clelia Righi<\/cite><\/span><\/blockquote>\nThe publication<\/a><\/span>\n\n

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Publication on PNAS<\/a><\/span><\/h5>\n
\"\"<\/span>
A domain of particles (in blue) that have moved in the direction of the external force nucleates and, at a critical size, drag the whole system transition into motion<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In Onset of frictional slip by domain nucleation in adsorbed layers<\/a>, a work published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/strong> in 2010, M. Reguzzoni, M. Ferrario, S. Zapperi and M. C. Righi show that the onset of slip is a nucleation process.<\/p>\n\n

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Creep motion matters in a variety of fields: In materials science, creep of grain boundaries makes it challenging to predict the longevity of material properties with potential implications for nuclear power plants or railway wheels. In Earth science, creep plays a critical role in the motion of tectonic plates. [\u2026]<\/p>\n

Theorists cannot apply their beloved tools – such as linear-response theory – to creep phenomena in a straightforward fashion. This is why it is difficult to develop a theory for creep motion, which is precisely what Reguzzoni et al. succeeded in doing for a specific system in this issue of PNAS. Their work is impressive because they not only derive the functional relationship between creep motion and external force, but they manage to ascertain the correct material-specific parameters with surprisingly simple and thus elegant analytical calculations.<\/p>\n– Martin H. M\u00fcser, PNAS January 26, 2010 107 (4) 1257-1258<\/cite><\/span><\/blockquote>\nThe publication and a summary by Prof. Martin M\u00fcser<\/a><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Publication on Advanced Functional Materials<\/h5>\n\"\"\n

The article Interlayer Electron Redistribution Engineering for Ultralow Friction in 2D Electrides<\/a><\/span> by J. Qi, G. Materzanini, G. Rignanese, M.C. Righi, and J. Wang has been published on Advanced Functional Materials in 2025.<\/p>\n\n

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Electrides are 2D materials in which cationic planes are separated by electrons confined within the layers. Using a combination of ab initio calculations and machine-learning molecular dynamics, we reveal their promising tribological performance. Remarkably, Ba\u2082N displays interlayer slipperiness exceeding that of graphene and a friction decrease with increasing normal load, in contrast with classical Amontons\u2019 law. This unconventional behavior\u00a0originates from sliding-induced electron redistribution within the layers, suggesting that 2D electrides can constitute new solid lubricants for electronically controlled, ultra-low-friction.<\/p>\n– Clelia Righi<\/cite><\/span><\/blockquote>\n\n

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Tribchem v1.0.0 released<\/span><\/h5>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

We\u2019re very happy to announce the release of Tribchem v1.0.0 on GitLab!<\/p>\n

Tribchem is our open-source software designed for the automatized first-principles simulation of solid-solid interfaces.<\/p>\n

Developed as part of the ERC Slide Project, the new release provides simplified installation procedures, optimized simulations, and extended workflows.<\/p>\nDownload the latest release: <\/span><\/strong>Tribchem GitLab Repository<\/a><\/span><\/span>\n

Installation instructions & user guide:<\/p>\nAvailable here\n<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>\n

Cite the following paper<\/strong>: G. Losi, O. Chehaimi, and M.C. Righi, TribChem: a Software for the First-principles, High-Throughput Study of Solid Interfaces and their Tribological properties<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/span>, Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 19<\/b>, 5231 (2023).<\/p>\n\n\n

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Simulating what happens in a reactor: extreme scale access on Leonardo supercomputer<\/span><\/h5>\n\"\"\n

More than 20 million core hours, allocated on Leonardo, the second most powerful cluster in Europe, have been recently granted to our group by EuroHPC-JU for the project entitled \u201cTurquoise H2 and carbon nanotubes: simulating the whole catalytic process inside a reactor\u201d. Experimental evidence indicates that by using iron nanoparticles, methane dissociation can result in the formation of CNTs wrapping the particles. This process is still far from being controlled as it happens within a reactor, inaccessible by any experimental probe. The aim of the present project is to unravel the atomistic mechanisms that, from the interaction of methane with an iron nanoparticle, lead to the formation of hydrogen and CNTs.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Publication on Advanced Materials<\/span><\/h5>\n\"\"\n

The article Se Nanopowder Conversion into Lubricious 2D Selenide Layers by Tribochemical Reactions<\/a> by P. G. Gr\u00fctzmacher, M. Cutini, E. Marquis, M. R. Ripoll, H. Riedl, P. Kutrowatz, S. Bug, Chia-Jui Hsu, J.Bernardi, C. Gachot, A. Erdemir, and M. C. Righi has been published on Advanced Materials in 2023.<\/p>\n\n

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By combining molecular dynamics simulations based on a quantum mechanical approach and experiments, the authors demonstrate an unconventional and smart way to synthesize bidimensional materials by sprinkling selenium nanopowders onto a tribological contact. The in operando synthesis of lubricious layers by stress-assisted chemical reactions is accompanied by a drop of the friction coefficient. Considering that ~23% of the world\u2019s energy is consumed in tribological contacts, discovering new technologies to reduce friction can have a high impact in maximizing the energy efficiency.<\/p>\n– Clelia Righi<\/cite><\/span><\/blockquote>\n\n

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Publication on Nano Energy<\/span><\/h5>\n\"\"\n

The article Defects drive the tribocharging strength of PTFE: an ab-initio study<\/a> by A. Ciniero, G. Fatti, M. Marsili, D. Dini, and M.C. Righi has been published on Nano Energy in 2023.<\/p>\n\n

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Tribocharging, the electrostatic charging of two materials upon contact and rubbing, is the basic phenomenon by which most of us have been introduced to the study of electricity. Though familiar and well known from centuries, the triboelectric effect is subtle and still not fully understood. In this work we employ density functional theory to look for the origin of tribocharging strength in Teflon, which ranks extremely high in the tribolelectric series. Our results show that defects have a key role the in enhancing the charge transfer.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

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Collaboration with Toyota<\/a><\/span><\/h5>\n
\"\"<\/span>
Seiji Kajita and Clelia Righi<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Toyota<\/strong> Central R&D Labs. based in Nagakute, Japan, renewed a collaboration with the research group of M. C. Righi at the Physics Department of Unimore to study tribological phenomena.<\/p>\n\n

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Toyota contacted me after the International Tribology Conference (ITC) held in Hiroshima in 2011. There I presented the first ab-initio<\/em> molecular dynamics simulations applied to tribology. These simulations allow a better understanding of the reactions occurring at the buried interface. The novelty of this approach attracted interest in the tribology community and industries.<\/p>\n– Clelia Righi<\/cite><\/span><\/blockquote>\nFull article (in Italian)<\/a><\/span>\n\n

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The ERC project SLIDE has been completed The ERC project \u201cAdvancing Solid Interfaces and Lubricants by First Principles Materials Design\u201d(SLIDE) concluded in October 2025. Thanks to the pioneering use of machine-learning potentials and high-throughput calculations in tribology, SLIDE has advanced the fundamental understanding of solid interfaces and enabled the design of new materials to reduce…
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